mariadb的主从复制、主主复制、半同步复制的概念和方法

2017/11/19 mysql

这篇文章主要详细介绍了mariadb的主从复制、主主复制、半同步复制的概念和方法。

参考http://www.jb51.net/article/97786.htm

主从服务器的时间要同步,数据库版本最好是一致的,以免造成函数处理、日志读取、日志解析等发生异常。 以下三个主从复制的设置是独立的。 注意防火墙和selinux的影响。

1、简单主从复制的实现

1.1 服务器1操作

  1. 安装mariadb-server
    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
    
  2. 编辑/etc/my.cnf文件

    在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容

    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    skip_name_resolve = ON
    innodb_file_per_table = ON    
    server-id = 1 #id号不能跟从服务器相同
    log-bin = master-log #自定义二进制日志文件名
    
  3. 授权可以复制本地数据库信息的主机
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service #启动mariadb server   
    [root@localhost ~]# mysql
    MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
    MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;   
    MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G #查看主服务器的状态信息,在从服务器中要用到
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
    File: master-log.000003 #正在使用的二进制日志文件
    Position: 497 #所处的位置
    Binlog_Do_DB:
    Binlog_Ignore_DB:
    

1.2 从服务器的配置

  1. 安装mariadb-server
    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
    
  2. 编辑/etc/my.cnf文件

    在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容

    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    skip_name_resolve = ON
    innodb_file_per_table = ON
    server-id = 2 #id号不能跟主服务器相同)
    relay-log = slave-log #自定义二进制日志文件名)
    
  3. 设置要从哪个主服务器的那个位置开始同步
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
    [root@localhost ~]# mysql
    MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=497;
    MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; #启动复制功能
    MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G #查看从服务器的状态,下面显示的是部分内容
    Master_Host: 10.1.51.60
    Master_User: repluser
    Master_Port: 3306
    Connect_Retry: 60
    Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
    Read_Master_Log_Pos: 497
    Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002
    Relay_Log_Pos: 530
    Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
    Slave_IO_Running: Yes
    Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
    Master_Server_Id: 1
    

1.3 测试

  1. 在主服务器导入事先准备好的数据库
    [root@localhost ~]# mysql < hellodb.sql
    
  2. 在从服务器查看是否同步
    MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database   |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | hellodb   | #数据库已经同步
    | mysql    |
    | performance_schema |
    | test    |
    +--------------------+
    MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
    MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables; #hellodb数据库的表也是同步的
    +-------------------+
    | Tables_in_hellodb |
    +-------------------+
    | classes   |
    | coc    |
    | courses   |
    | scores   |
    | students   |
    | teachers   |
    | toc    |
    +-------------------+
    

2、双主复制的实现

2.1 安装MariaDB

  • 服务器1的操作:
  1. 安装mariadb-server
    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
    
  2. 编辑/etc/my.cnf文件
    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    

在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容

skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 1 #id号不能跟从服务器相同
log-bin = master-log #自定义主服务器的二进制日志文件名
relay-log = slave-log #自定义从服务器的二进制日志文件名
auto_increment_offset = 1 
auto_increment_increment = 2
  1. 启动服务
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service	
    [root@localhost ~]#systemctl enable mariadb.servic
    

服务器2的操作:

  1. 安装mariadb-server
    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
    
  2. 编辑/etc/my.cnf文件
    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    skip_name_resolve = ON
    innodb_file_per_table = ON
    server-id = 2
    relay-log = slave-log
    lob-bin = master-log
    auto_increment_offset = 2 
    auto_increment_increment = 2
    
  3. 启动服务
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service	
    [root@localhost ~]#systemctl enable mariadb.service
    

2.2 配置双主复制

  1. 在服务器2上查看的master状态

说明:记录数据,在服务器2上配置时会用到。

MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: master-log.000003
Position: 521
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
  1. 服务器1上进行如下配置

说明:以下配置的内容为服务器2的IP及服务器2上查到的master数据。

[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.1.188',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=521;
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
              Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.188
                  Master_User: repluser
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 521
              Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 806
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
            Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
          Replicate_Do_Table:
      Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                  Last_Errno: 0
                  Last_Error:
                Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 521
              Relay_Log_Space: 1094
              Until_Condition: None
              Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
          Master_SSL_Allowed: No
          Master_SSL_CA_File:
          Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
              Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
              Last_SQL_Errno: 0
              Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
            Master_Server_Id: 2
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  1. 在服务器1查看master状态
    MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
    File: master-log.000003
    Position: 795
    Binlog_Do_DB: 
    Binlog_Ignore_DB:
    
  2. 服务器2上进行如下配置

说明:以下的配置内容为服务器1的IP及服务器1中查到的master信息

[root@localhost ~]# mysql
 MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
 MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.1.187',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=795;
 MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
 MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
              Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.187
                  Master_User: repluser
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 795
              Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 530
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
            Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
          Replicate_Do_Table:
      Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                  Last_Errno: 0
                  Last_Error:
                Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 795
              Relay_Log_Space: 818
              Until_Condition: None
              Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
          Master_SSL_Allowed: No
          Master_SSL_CA_File:
          Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
              Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
              Last_SQL_Errno: 0
              Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
            Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2.3 测试

  1. 在任意一台服务器上创建mydb数据库
    MariaDB [(none)]> create database mydb;
    
  2. 在另一台服务器上查看
    MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database   |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mydb    |
    | mysql    |
    | performance_schema |
    | test    |
    +--------------------+
    

3、半同步复制的实现

3.1 在主服务器上的配置

  1. 安装mariadb-server
    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
    
  2. 编辑/etc/my.cnf
    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
     skip_name_resolve = ON
     innodb_file_per_table = ON
     server-id = 1
     log-bin = master-log
    
  3. 授权可以复制本地数据库信息的主机
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service #启动mariadb server
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
 MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
 MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G #查看主服务器的状态信息,在从服务器中要用到
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: master-log.000003 #正在使用的二进制日志文件
Position: 245 #所处的位置
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
  1. 安装rpl semi sync_master插件,并启用
    [root@localhost ~]# mysql
    MariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so';
    MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = ON;
    MariaDB [(none)]> show plugins;#可查看插件是否激活
    MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like 'rpl_semi%';#可查看安装的插件是否启用
    MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%';#可查看从服务器的个数,此时是0个
    

3.2从服务器的配置

  1. 安装mariadb-server
    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
    
  2. 编辑/etc/my.cnf文件 在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容
    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    skip_name_resolve = ON
    innodb_file_per_table = ON
    server-id = 2 #id号不能跟主服务器相同
    relay-log = slave-log #自定义二进制日志文件名
    
  3. 设置要从哪个主服务器的那个位置开始同步
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service 
    [root@localhost ~]# mysql 
    MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=245;
    
  4. 安装rpl semi sync_slave插件并启用
    [root@localhost ~]# mysql 
     MariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname 'semisync_slave.so';
     MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = ON;
     MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
    

完成上面配置后,可以在主服务器上查看半同步复制的相关信息,命令如下:

MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%';
Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients 1 #从服务器有一台

3.3 测试

测试以个人实际情况而定

  1. 在主服务器上导入事先准备好的数据库hellodb.sql
    MariaDB [hellodb]> source /root/hellodb.sql;
    
  2. 在主服务器上查看半同步复制的状态
MariaDB [hellodb]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File    | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-log.000003 |  8102 |    |     |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 
MariaDB [hellodb]> show global status like '%semi%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name        | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients    | 1  |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time  | 1684 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time   | 60630 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits    | 36 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times    | 1  |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx     | 1  |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status    | ON |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures  | 0  |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time  | 1884 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time   | 65965 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits    | 35 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0  |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions   | 0  |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx    | 35 |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
  1. 在从服务器上查看是否同步
    MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
    MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
    MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students;
    

4 补充:

基于上面的半同步复制配置复制的过滤器,复制过滤最好在从服务器上设置,步骤如下

4.1 从服务器的配置

  1. 关闭mariadb server
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service
    
  2. 编辑/etc/my.cnf文件
    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    skip_name_resolve = ON
    innodb_file_per_table = ON
    server-id = 2
    relay-log = slave-log
    replicate-do-db = mydb #只复制mydb数据库的内容
    

补充:常用的过滤选项如下

Replicate_Do_DB=
Replicate_Ignore_DB=
Replicate_Do_Table=
Replicate_Ignore_Table=
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table=
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table=
  1. 重启mariadb server
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
    
  2. 重启mariadb server后,半同步复制功能将被关闭,因此要重新启动
MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%semi%';
+---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name     | Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled  | OFF |
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 |
+---------------------------------+-------+
 
MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = ON;
MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave;#需先关闭从服务器复制功能再重启
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;

4.2测试

  1. 主服务器上的hellodb数据库创建一个新表semitable
    MariaDB [hellodb]> create table semitable (id int);
    
  2. 在从服务器上查看hellodb数据库是否有semitable
    MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb
    MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables;(并没有)
    +-------------------+
    | Tables_in_hellodb |
    +-------------------+
    | classes   |
    | coc    |
    | courses   |
    | scores   |
    | students   |
    | teachers   |
    | toc    |
    +-------------------+
    
  3. 在主服务器上创建mydb数据库,并为其创建一个tbl1表
    MariaDB [hellodb]> create database mydb;
    
  4. 在从服务器上查看mydb数据库的是否有tbl1表
    MariaDB [hellodb]> use mydb;
    MariaDB [mydb]> show tables; (可以查看到)
    +----------------+
    | Tables_in_mydb |
    +----------------+
    | tbl1   |
    +----------------+
    

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